I actually got this part working. There is still something missing to make it work with IE and Safari but at least the Headers are added like one would expect.
@ericpanorel: Actually I am converting this app back from ExtJS. ExtJS has a niffty little feature which simply let´s you update a DOM-Element with any content from another page. Something like Ext.get('someDomElem'').update('someURL');
I tried to mimic this behavior but it is not as easy as it seemed in the first place. Because ASP.NET Ajax is still somehow limited in this area I might actually go with a simple Webrequest/JSON Response and deal with rendering content in the Script itself.
Thanks,
Elmar